In this module, students will study the history, development, and classification of the sciences (‘ulūm) in Islam, namely the religious sciences, rational sciences, and crafts. Students will gain an understanding of the wider intellectual context of these developments by looking at questions pertaining to knowledge and the sciences in Greco-Roman thought and the way these ideas were transmitted to the Islamicate world. Further, students will investigate and analyse Islamic conceptions of knowledge, knowledge structures, and the philosophical framework the sciences shared. Building on this, students will be introduced to the Islamic philosophy of education. They will learn about various historical learning institutions, such as the madrassa, khānqah, and mosque etc., and how they implemented this philosophy using classical methodological tools.